Mucormycosis
Black Fungal Infection

Fungal Infection Overview


Mucormycosis is also know as Black Fungal Infection a serious but rare fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes. These molds live throughout the environment. Mucormycosis mainly affects people who have health problems or take medicines that lower the body's ability to fight germs and sickness. It most commonly affects the sinuses or the lungs after inhaling fungal spores from the air. It can also occur on the skin after a cut, burn, or other type of skin injury.

What Causes Mucormycosis? 

  • Mucormycosis, also known as black fungus or zygomycosis, is caused by a group of mould called mucormycetes.
  • These fungi live in the environment, particularly in soil and in decaying organic matter, such as leaves, compost piles, or rotten wood, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Symptoms of Mucormycosis


Symptoms of rhinocerebral (sinus and brain) mucormycosis include:
  • One-sided facial swelling
  • Headache
  • Nasal or sinus congestion
  • Black lesions on nasal bridge or upper inside of mouth that quickly become more severe
  • Fever

Symptoms of pulmonary (lung) mucormycosis include:
  • Fever
  • Cough
  • Chest pain
  • Shortness of breath
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People at Risk & Prevention

 

Who gets mucormycosis?


Mucormycosis is rare, but it’s more common among people who have health problems or take medicines that lower the body’s ability to fight germs and sickness. Certain groups of people are more likely to get mucormycosis, 1–3 including people with:
 
  1. Diabetes, especially with diabetic ketoacidosis
  2. Cancer
  3. Organ transplant
  4. Stem cell transplant
  5. Neutropenia pdf icon[PDF – 2 pages] (low number of white blood cells)
  6. Long-term corticosteroid use
  7. Injection drug use
  8. Too much iron in the body (iron overload or hemochromatosis)
  9. Skin injury due to surgery, burns, or wounds
  10. Prematurity and low birthweight (for neonatal gastrointestinal mucormycosis)
Is mucormycosis contagious?

No. Mucormycosis can’t spread between people or between people and animals.
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13 Exact Information about Fungus?

Where Mucormycosis Comes From

 
Mucormycetes, the group of fungi that cause mucormycosis, are present throughout the environment, particularly in soil and in association with decaying organic matter, such as leaves, compost piles, and animal dung. 1  They are more common in soil than in air, and in summer and fall than in winter or spring. 2-4 Most people come in contact with microscopic fungal spores every day, so it’s probably impossible to completely avoid coming in contact with mucormycetes. These fungi aren’t harmful to most people. However, for people who have weakened immune systems, breathing in mucormycete spores can cause an infection in the lungs or sinuses which can spread to other parts of the body.

How is mucormycosis diagnosed?

 
Healthcare providers consider your medical history, symptoms, physical examinations, and laboratory tests when diagnosing mucormycosis. Healthcare providers who suspect that you have mucormycosis in your lungs or sinuses might collect a sample of fluid from your respiratory system to send to a laboratory. Your healthcare provider may perform a tissue biopsy, in which a small sample of affected tissue is analyzed in a laboratory for evidence of mucormycosis under a microscope or in a fungal culture. You may also need imaging tests such as a CT scan of your lungs, sinuses, or other parts of your body, depending on the location of the suspected infection.
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Treatment for Mucormycosis


How is mucormycosis treated?

Types of mucormycosis
 
  • Rhinocerebral (sinus and brain) mucormycosis is an infection in the sinuses that can spread to the brain. This form of mucormycosis is most common in people with uncontrolled diabetes and in people who have had a kidney transplant. 7-8
 
  • Pulmonary (lung) mucormycosis is the most common type of mucormycosis in people with cancer and in people who have had an organ transplant or a stem cell transplant.
 
  • Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is more common among young children than adults, especially premature and low birth weight infants less than 1 month of age, who have had antibiotics, surgery, or medications that lower the body’s ability to fight germs and sickness. 9-10
 
  • Cutaneous (skin) mucormycosis: occurs after the fungi enter the body through a break in the skin (for example, after surgery, a burn, or other type of skin trauma). This is the most common form of mucormycosis among people who do not have weakened immune systems.
 
  • Disseminated mucormycosis occurs when the infection spreads through the bloodstream to affect another part of the body. The infection most commonly affects the brain, but also can affect other organs such as the spleen, heart, and skin.

 

How can fungal infections be prevented?


Good hygiene is also critical for avoiding fungal infections.

Try to:

keep your skin clean and dry, particularly the folds of your skin
wash your hands often, especially after touching animals or other people
avoid using other people’s towels and other personal care products
wear shoes in locker rooms, community showers, and swimming pools
wipe gym equipment before and after using it
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